Unsupervised regions based segmentation using object discovery

We present a new unsupervised algorithm to discovery and segment out common objects from multiple images. Compared with previous cosegmentation methods, our algorithm performs well even when the appearance variations in the foregrounds are more substantial than those in some areas of the backgrounds. Our algorithm mainly includes two parts: the foreground object discovery scheme and the iterative region allocation algorithm. Two terms, a region-saliency prior and a region-repeatness measure, are introduced in the foreground object discovery scheme to detect the foregrounds without any supervisory information. The iterative region allocation algorithm searches the optimal solution for the final segmentation with the constraints from a maximal spanning tree, and an effective color-based model is utilized during this process. The comparative experimental results show that the proposed algorithm matches or outperforms several previous methods on several standard datasets.     

Functional Chromatography Reveals Three Natural Products that Target the Same Protein with Distinct Mechanisms of Action

Access to lead compounds with defined molecular targets continues to be a barrier to the translation of natural product resources. As a solution, we developed a system that uses discrete, recombinant proteins as the vehicles for natural product isolation. Here, we describe the use of this functional chromatographic method to identify natural products that bind to the AAA+ chaperone, p97, a promising cancer target. Application of this method to a panel of fungal and plant extracts identified rheoemodin, 1‐hydroxydehydroherbarin, and phomapyrrolidone A as distinct p97 modulators. Excitingly, each of these molecules displayed a unique mechanism of p97 modulation. This discovery provides strong support for the application of functional chromatography to the discovery of protein modulators that would likely escape traditional high‐throughput or phenotypic screening platforms.     

Specific Modulation of Protein Activity by Using a Bioorthogonal Reaction

Unnatural amino acids with bioorthogonal reactive groups have the potential to provide a rapid and specific mechanism for covalently inhibiting a protein of interest. Here, we use mutagenesis to insert an unnatural amino acid containing an azide group (Z) into the target protein at positions such that a “click” reaction with an alkyne modulator (X) will alter the function of the protein. This bioorthogonally reactive pair can engender specificity of X for the Z‐containing protein, even if the target is otherwise identical to another protein, allowing for rapid target validation in living cells. We demonstrate our method using inhibition of the Escherichia coli enzyme aminoacyl transferase by both active‐site occlusion and allosteric mechanisms. We have termed this a “clickable magic bullet” strategy, and it should be generally applicable to studying the effects of protein inhibition, within the limits of unnatural amino acid mutagenesis.     

建筑路径网络的拓扑学分析

通过拓扑学的网络分析方法,从建筑路径的整体性特征人手,建立了以结点、弧段为基本构成要素的拓扑路径网络。提出了路径网络的平面嵌入定理,立体状网络转换方法,以及立体网络的判断问题。并分别对路网的结构、路径的可靠性、可达性、可贯穿性进行阐述。力求利用拓扑学原理解决一些建筑路径的设计中所遇到的问题,从而为路径设计和真实地构建路径奠定了基础。     

采动建筑物在沉陷区内位置的GIS拓扑算法

地下资源开采常常引起周围环境的负面效应,造成地面建筑物、公用地下管线和各种地下设施以及城市道路的路基、路面、铁路等不同程度的损害,利用GIS可以有效地把这种负面效应和损害可视化.在可视化过程中,经常要判断不同地理要素的空间位置关系.基于GIS所特有的拓扑关系特性,把开采沉陷区域的建筑物和沉陷等值线空间位置关系抽象成理论模型,并进一步探讨了点与曲线环关系算法以及利用现有GIS软件如何来实现拓扑关系的方法.通过这种可视化,可以为决策提供可靠的信息依据,从而更好地为工程服务.     

基于区域的边坡稳定性分析地层建模方法

目前大部分边坡稳定性分析软件的地层建模采用基于线条的建模方法,这种建模方法手算工作量大,建模繁琐且不直观。本文基于拓扑理论和多边形图的性质,提出了基于区域的二维边坡地层建模方法。在确定边坡计算域多边形后,用户可以任意绘制地层折线,程序自动进行折线求交运算并截除边坡计算域外的部分,然后运用左转搜索算法将计算域分割成一个个地层多边形区域,可以包含复杂内岛等情况,以模拟工程地质剖面中的透镜体及人工处理的区域等。本文的地层建模方法具有多边形区域自动识别功能,减少手工计算量,可以明显地提高边坡稳定性分析软件的建模效率和可视化程度。     

基于遗传算法的静态逻辑拓扑设计

设计了一种遗传算法,在使用较短通路情况下实现了链路和节点的负载均衡. 在算法中采用了自然数编码、随机选取种群、简单的“双亲单子”交叉策略和固定的突变概率. 以美国国家自然科学基金网络为例进行了仿真. 对目标函数中的权值进行了讨论,分析了适应性函数值与遗传代数之间的关系,对种群选取范围与适应性函数之间的关系进行了验证.     

具有分压电容平衡功能的新型组合九电平逆变器

针对传统多电平逆变器存在电平数大于3时,分压电容难以平衡,造成拓扑电路结构复杂等问题,对扩展NP点的混合H桥拓扑和独立分压电容平衡拓扑电路进行组合,简化并得到一种新型九电平逆变器拓扑电路;针对该拓扑电路提出相应的四载波层叠SPWM策略。通过仿真分析,扩展NP点的混合H桥拓扑中间两个分压电容电压值幅度在基准电压0V上下波动,其幅度达到±25V;而新型九电平逆变器的分压电容电压值在期望值100V上下波动时,其波动幅值小于±5V,因此,从仿真结果表明新型九电平逆变器拓扑结构及调制策略的应用,不仅可降低输出电压纹波的幅值,还能达到分压电容均衡的效果,并减少了两个开关管的应用,降低经济成本。     

智能配电网拓扑信息的分布式存储和管理方法

提出一种适用于智能配电网分布式保护和控制系统的网络拓扑信息存储和拓扑管理方法。每个智能配电终端仅需配置安装处的基本拓扑信息,通过制定有序的广播通信策略可自动完成相邻配电终端信息的获取和拓扑逻辑层的划分,实现局部拓扑的识别,为快速的保护和控制功能提供所需的拓扑支撑。基于局部拓扑识别结果生成拓扑最小连接树,以拓扑最小连接树为基本单元确定代理终端,提出了基于代理节点的网络拓扑简化方法,为需要大范围拓扑信息支撑的功能提供拓扑信息的获取和管理方法。以智能配电网分布式故障自愈系统功能的实现为例,对智能配电网拓扑信息分布式存储和管理方法的应用进行了分析。